By this sort posting, I try to explain about Present Perfect and Simple Past Tense. Later we will post the other term about tenses.
We use PPt when we talk about something that happened in a period of time up to the present so there ir always a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now.e.g Jacky has lost his wallet : he lost it and still hasn't got it now.
In other, we use PPt in inform a recent happening.
~ the car is broken, it has gotten an accident.
We can use PPt with :
~ just:short time ago
~ already:happened sooner
~ yet:until now.
When we compare the PPt n SP:
1.PPt about action up to the present but SP about action at a particular finished time in the past.
Example:
-he puts to good use of a bag that has thrown away.
-I threw away my bag when it moved house.
2.we use PPt when report that someone has recently invented,produced etc..and we use SP when talk about something invented,etc in the more distant past.
3.we can use either PPt and PS to talk about repeated action or events. If we use PPt, we suggest that it will happen again. If we use PS, it suggests that it is finished and won't happen again.
4. We can use both the present perfect and the past simple to talk about states. We use PPt to talk about a state that exist in the past and still exist now, and we use simple past if the state no longer exists.
Exp:I have known him in most of my working life. ( I am still working) and I knew him when we were both working in Japan.
We use SP rather PPt when we use time adverbs that talk about finished periods of time. Exp: Jhony wrote his first diary at age of 24 in 1962.
Time adverbs that refer to the present such as today,this morning/week/month, can also be used with either the present perfect or past simple. If we see today etc. completed period of time,then we use the past simple; but if we see today,etc. as a period including the present moment,then we use the present perfect. Compare:
> I wrote three letters this morning. (=the morning is over) and
> I have written three letters this morning. (= it is still morning).
We use since to talk about a period that started at some point in the past and continues until the present time. This is why we often usen since with PPt. In sentence which includes a since-clause, the usual patterns is for the since-clause to contain PS, and the main clause to contain a present perfect. However, we can use a present perfect in the since-clause if the two situation described in the main idea and since-clause extend until the present. Exp: since I've worked here, I haven't gotten any trouble.
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